doc/muxers/dash: review documentation
Sort options by name, review formatting, apply consistency fixes and fill the gaps (e.g. missing value for constants or flags), and review and extend content.
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Stefano Sabatini
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doc/muxers.texi
432
doc/muxers.texi
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@ -971,12 +971,13 @@ ffmpeg -i INPUT -c:a pcm_u8 -c:v mpeg2video -f crc -
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@anchor{dash}
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@section dash
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Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) muxer.
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Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) muxer that creates segments
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and manifest files according to the MPEG-DASH standard ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014.
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This muxer creates segments and manifest files according to the
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MPEG-DASH standard ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014 and following standard
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updates.
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For more information see:
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@itemize @bullet
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@item
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ISO DASH Specification: @url{http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c065274_ISO_IEC_23009-1_2014.zip}
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@ -984,166 +985,333 @@ ISO DASH Specification: @url{http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStan
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WebM DASH Specification: @url{https://sites.google.com/a/webmproject.org/wiki/adaptive-streaming/webm-dash-specification}
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@end itemize
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It creates a MPD manifest file and segment files for each stream.
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This muxer creates an MPD (Media Presentation Description) manifest
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file and segment files for each stream. Segment files are placed in
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the same directory of the MPD manifest file.
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The segment filename might contain pre-defined identifiers used with SegmentTemplate
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as defined in section 5.3.9.4.4 of the standard. Available identifiers are "$RepresentationID$",
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"$Number$", "$Bandwidth$" and "$Time$".
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In addition to the standard identifiers, an ffmpeg-specific "$ext$" identifier is also supported.
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When specified ffmpeg will replace $ext$ in the file name with muxing format's extensions such as mp4, webm etc.,
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The segment filename might contain pre-defined identifiers used in the
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manifest @code{SegmentTemplate} section as defined in section
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5.3.9.4.4 of the standard.
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Available identifiers are @code{$RepresentationID$}, @code{$Number$},
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@code{$Bandwidth$}, and @code{$Time$}. In addition to the standard
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identifiers, an ffmpeg-specific @code{$ext$} identifier is also
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supported. When specified, @command{ffmpeg} will replace @code{$ext$}
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in the file name with muxing format's extensions such as @code{mp4},
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@code{webm} etc.
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@subsection Options
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@table @option
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@item adaptation_sets @var{adaptation_sets}
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Assign streams to adaptation sets, specified in the MPD manifest
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@code{AdaptationSets} section.
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An adaptation set contains a set of one or more streams accessed as a
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single subset, e.g. corresponding streams encoded at different size
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selectable by the user depending on the available bandwidth, or to
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different audio streams with a different language.
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Each adaptation set is specified with the syntax:
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@example
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ffmpeg -re -i <input> -map 0 -map 0 -c:a libfdk_aac -c:v libx264 \
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-b:v:0 800k -b:v:1 300k -s:v:1 320x170 -profile:v:1 baseline \
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-profile:v:0 main -bf 1 -keyint_min 120 -g 120 -sc_threshold 0 \
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-b_strategy 0 -ar:a:1 22050 -use_timeline 1 -use_template 1 \
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-window_size 5 -adaptation_sets "id=0,streams=v id=1,streams=a" \
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-f dash /path/to/out.mpd
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id=@var{index},streams=@var{streams}
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@end example
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where @var{index} must be a numerical index, and @var{streams} is a
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sequence of @code{,}-separated stream indices. Multiple adaptation
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sets can be specified, separated by spaces.
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To map all video (or audio) streams to an adaptation set, @code{v} (or
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@code{a}) can be used as stream identifier instead of IDs.
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When no assignment is defined, this defaults to an adaptation set for
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each stream.
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The following optional fields can also be specified:
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@table @option
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@item seg_duration @var{duration}
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Set the segment length in seconds (fractional value can be set). The value is
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treated as average segment duration when @var{use_template} is enabled and
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@var{use_timeline} is disabled and as minimum segment duration for all the other
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use cases.
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@item frag_duration @var{duration}
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Set the length in seconds of fragments within segments (fractional value can be set).
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@item frag_type @var{type}
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Set the type of interval for fragmentation.
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@item window_size @var{size}
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Set the maximum number of segments kept in the manifest.
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@item descriptor
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Define the descriptor as defined by ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014/Amd.2:2015.
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For example:
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@example
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<SupplementalProperty schemeIdUri=\"urn:mpeg:dash:srd:2014\" value=\"0,0,0,1,1,2,2\"/>
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@end example
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The descriptor string should be a self-closing XML tag.
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@item frag_duration
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Override the global fragment duration specified with the
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@option{frag_duration} option.
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@item frag_type
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Override the global fragment type specified with the
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@option{frag_type} option.
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@item seg_duration
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Override the global segment duration specified with the
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@option{seg_duration} option.
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@item trick_id
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Mark an adaptation set as containing streams meant to be used for
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Trick Mode for the referenced adaptation set.
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@end table
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A few examples of possible values for the @option{adaptation_sets}
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option follow:
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@example
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id=0,seg_duration=2,frag_duration=1,frag_type=duration,streams=v id=1,seg_duration=2,frag_type=none,streams=a
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@end example
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@example
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id=0,seg_duration=2,frag_type=none,streams=0 id=1,seg_duration=10,frag_type=none,trick_id=0,streams=1
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@end example
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@item dash_segment_type @var{type}
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Set DASH segment files type.
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Possible values:
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@table @samp
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@item auto
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The dash segment files format will be selected based on the stream
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codec. This is the default mode.
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@item mp4
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the dash segment files will be in ISOBMFF/MP4 format
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@item webm
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the dash segment files will be in WebM format
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@end table
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@item extra_window_size @var{size}
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Set the maximum number of segments kept outside of the manifest before removing from disk.
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@item remove_at_exit @var{remove}
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Enable (1) or disable (0) removal of all segments when finished.
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@item use_template @var{template}
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Enable (1) or disable (0) use of SegmentTemplate instead of SegmentList.
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@item use_timeline @var{timeline}
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Enable (1) or disable (0) use of SegmentTimeline in SegmentTemplate.
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@item single_file @var{single_file}
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Enable (1) or disable (0) storing all segments in one file, accessed using byte ranges.
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@item single_file_name @var{file_name}
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DASH-templated name to be used for baseURL. Implies @var{single_file} set to "1". In the template, "$ext$" is replaced with the file name extension specific for the segment format.
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@item init_seg_name @var{init_name}
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DASH-templated name to used for the initialization segment. Default is "init-stream$RepresentationID$.$ext$". "$ext$" is replaced with the file name extension specific for the segment format.
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@item media_seg_name @var{segment_name}
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DASH-templated name to used for the media segments. Default is "chunk-stream$RepresentationID$-$Number%05d$.$ext$". "$ext$" is replaced with the file name extension specific for the segment format.
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@item utc_timing_url @var{utc_url}
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URL of the page that will return the UTC timestamp in ISO format. Example: "https://time.akamai.com/?iso"
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@item method @var{method}
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Use the given HTTP method to create output files. Generally set to PUT or POST.
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@item http_user_agent @var{user_agent}
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Override User-Agent field in HTTP header. Applicable only for HTTP output.
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@item http_persistent @var{http_persistent}
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Use persistent HTTP connections. Applicable only for HTTP output.
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@item hls_playlist @var{hls_playlist}
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Generate HLS playlist files as well. The master playlist is generated with the filename @var{hls_master_name}.
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One media playlist file is generated for each stream with filenames media_0.m3u8, media_1.m3u8, etc.
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@item hls_master_name @var{file_name}
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HLS master playlist name. Default is "master.m3u8".
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@item streaming @var{streaming}
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Enable (1) or disable (0) chunk streaming mode of output. In chunk streaming
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mode, each frame will be a moof fragment which forms a chunk.
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@item adaptation_sets @var{adaptation_sets}
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Assign streams to AdaptationSets. Syntax is "id=x,streams=a,b,c id=y,streams=d,e" with x and y being the IDs
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of the adaptation sets and a,b,c,d and e are the indices of the mapped streams.
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Set the maximum number of segments kept outside of the manifest before
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removing from disk.
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To map all video (or audio) streams to an AdaptationSet, "v" (or "a") can be used as stream identifier instead of IDs.
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When no assignment is defined, this defaults to an AdaptationSet for each stream.
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Optional syntax is "id=x,seg_duration=x,frag_duration=x,frag_type=type,descriptor=descriptor_string,streams=a,b,c id=y,seg_duration=y,frag_type=type,streams=d,e" and so on,
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descriptor is useful to the scheme defined by ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014/Amd.2:2015.
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For example, -adaptation_sets "id=0,descriptor=<SupplementalProperty schemeIdUri=\"urn:mpeg:dash:srd:2014\" value=\"0,0,0,1,1,2,2\"/>,streams=v".
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Please note that descriptor string should be a self-closing xml tag.
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seg_duration, frag_duration and frag_type override the global option values for each adaptation set.
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For example, -adaptation_sets "id=0,seg_duration=2,frag_duration=1,frag_type=duration,streams=v id=1,seg_duration=2,frag_type=none,streams=a"
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type_id marks an adaptation set as containing streams meant to be used for Trick Mode for the referenced adaptation set.
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For example, -adaptation_sets "id=0,seg_duration=2,frag_type=none,streams=0 id=1,seg_duration=10,frag_type=none,trick_id=0,streams=1"
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@item timeout @var{timeout}
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Set timeout for socket I/O operations. Applicable only for HTTP output.
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@item index_correction @var{index_correction}
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Enable (1) or Disable (0) segment index correction logic. Applicable only when
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@var{use_template} is enabled and @var{use_timeline} is disabled.
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When enabled, the logic monitors the flow of segment indexes. If a streams's
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segment index value is not at the expected real time position, then the logic
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corrects that index value.
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Typically this logic is needed in live streaming use cases. The network bandwidth
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fluctuations are common during long run streaming. Each fluctuation can cause
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the segment indexes fall behind the expected real time position.
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@item format_options @var{options_list}
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Set container format (mp4/webm) options using a @code{:} separated list of
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Set container format (mp4/webm) options using a @code{:}-separated list of
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key=value parameters. Values containing @code{:} special characters must be
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escaped.
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@item global_sidx @var{global_sidx}
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Write global SIDX atom. Applicable only for single file, mp4 output, non-streaming mode.
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@item frag_duration @var{duration}
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Set the length in seconds of fragments within segments, fractional
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value can also be set.
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@item frag_type @var{type}
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Set the type of interval for fragmentation.
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@item dash_segment_type @var{dash_segment_type}
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Possible values:
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@table @option
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@table @samp
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@item auto
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If this flag is set, the dash segment files format will be selected based on the stream codec. This is the default mode.
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set one fragment per segment
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@item mp4
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If this flag is set, the dash segment files will be in in ISOBMFF format.
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@item every_frame
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fragment at every frame
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@item webm
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If this flag is set, the dash segment files will be in in WebM format.
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@item duration
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fragment at specific time intervals
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@item pframes
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fragment at keyframes and following P-Frame reordering (Video only,
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experimental)
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@end table
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@item ignore_io_errors @var{ignore_io_errors}
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Ignore IO errors during open and write. Useful for long-duration runs with network output.
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@item global_sidx @var{bool}
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Write global @code{SIDX} atom. Applicable only for single file, mp4
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output, non-streaming mode.
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@item lhls @var{lhls}
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Enable Low-latency HLS(LHLS). Adds #EXT-X-PREFETCH tag with current segment's URI.
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hls.js player folks are trying to standardize an open LHLS spec. The draft spec is available in https://github.com/video-dev/hlsjs-rfcs/blob/lhls-spec/proposals/0001-lhls.md
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This option tries to comply with the above open spec.
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It enables @var{streaming} and @var{hls_playlist} options automatically.
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This is an experimental feature.
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@item hls_master_name @var{file_name}
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HLS master playlist name. Default is @file{master.m3u8}.
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Note: This is not Apple's version LHLS. See @url{https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-pantos-hls-rfc8216bis}
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@item ldash @var{ldash}
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Enable Low-latency Dash by constraining the presence and values of some elements.
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@item master_m3u8_publish_rate @var{master_m3u8_publish_rate}
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Publish master playlist repeatedly every after specified number of segment intervals.
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@item write_prft @var{write_prft}
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Write Producer Reference Time elements on supported streams. This also enables writing
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prft boxes in the underlying muxer. Applicable only when the @var{utc_url} option is enabled.
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It's set to auto by default, in which case the muxer will attempt to enable it only in modes
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that require it.
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@item mpd_profile @var{mpd_profile}
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Set one or more manifest profiles.
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@item hls_playlist @var{bool}
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Generate HLS playlist files. The master playlist is generated with
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filename specified by the @option{hls_master_name} option. One media
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playlist file is generated for each stream with filenames
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@file{media_0.m3u8}, @file{media_1.m3u8}, etc.
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@item http_opts @var{http_opts}
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A :-separated list of key=value options to pass to the underlying HTTP
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protocol. Applicable only for HTTP output.
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Specify a list of @code{:}-separated key=value options to pass to the
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underlying HTTP protocol. Applicable only for HTTP output.
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@item http_persistent @var{bool}
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Use persistent HTTP connections. Applicable only for HTTP output.
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@item http_user_agent @var{user_agent}
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Override User-Agent field in HTTP header. Applicable only for HTTP
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output.
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@item ignore_io_errors @var{bool}
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Ignore IO errors during open and write. Useful for long-duration runs
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with network output. This is disabled by default.
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@item index_correction @var{bool}
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Enable or disable segment index correction logic. Applicable only when
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@option{use_template} is enabled and @option{use_timeline} is
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disabled. This is disabled by default.
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When enabled, the logic monitors the flow of segment indexes. If a
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streams's segment index value is not at the expected real time
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position, then the logic corrects that index value.
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Typically this logic is needed in live streaming use cases. The
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network bandwidth fluctuations are common during long run
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streaming. Each fluctuation can cause the segment indexes fall behind
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the expected real time position.
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@item init_seg_name @var{init_name}
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DASH-templated name to use for the initialization segment. Default is
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@code{init-stream$RepresentationID$.$ext$}. @code{$ext$} is replaced
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with the file name extension specific for the segment format.
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@item ldash @var{bool}
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Enable Low-latency Dash by constraining the presence and values of
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some elements. This is disabled by default.
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@item lhls @var{bool}
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Enable Low-latency HLS (LHLS). Add @code{#EXT-X-PREFETCH} tag with
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current segment's URI. hls.js player folks are trying to standardize
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an open LHLS spec. The draft spec is available at
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@url{https://github.com/video-dev/hlsjs-rfcs/blob/lhls-spec/proposals/0001-lhls.md}.
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This option tries to comply with the above open spec. It enables
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@option{streaming} and @option{hls_playlist} options automatically.
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This is an experimental feature.
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Note: This is not Apple's version LHLS. See
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@url{https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-pantos-hls-rfc8216bis}
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@item master_m3u8_publish_rate @var{segment_intervals_count}
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Publish master playlist repeatedly every after specified number of
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segment intervals.
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@item max_playback_rate @var{rate}
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Set the maximum playback rate indicated as appropriate for the
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purposes of automatically adjusting playback latency and buffer
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occupancy during normal playback by clients.
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@item media_seg_name @var{segment_name}
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DASH-templated name to use for the media segments. Default is
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@code{chunk-stream$RepresentationID$-$Number%05d$.$ext$}. @code{$ext$}
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is replaced with the file name extension specific for the segment
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format.
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@item method @var{method}
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Use the given HTTP method to create output files. Generally set to @code{PUT}
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or @code{POST}.
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@item min_playback_rate @var{rate}
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Set the minimum playback rate indicated as appropriate for the
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purposes of automatically adjusting playback latency and buffer
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occupancy during normal playback by clients.
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@item mpd_profile @var{flags}
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Set one or more MPD manifest profiles.
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Possible values:
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@table @samp
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@item dash
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MPEG-DASH ISO Base media file format live profile
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@item dvb_dash
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DVB-DASH profile
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@end table
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Default value is @code{dash}.
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@item remove_at_exit @var{bool}
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Enable or disable removal of all segments when finished. This is
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disabled by default.
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@item seg_duration @var{duration}
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Set the segment length in seconds (fractional value can be set). The
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value is treated as average segment duration when the
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@option{use_template} option is enabled and the @option{use_timeline}
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option is disabled and as minimum segment duration for all the other
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use cases.
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Default value is @code{5}.
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@item single_file @var{bool}
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Enable or disable storing all segments in one file, accessed using
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byte ranges. This is disabled by default.
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The name of the single file can be specified with the
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@option{single_file_name} option, if not specified assume the basename
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of the manifest file with the output format extension.
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@item single_file_name @var{file_name}
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DASH-templated name to use for the manifest @code{baseURL}
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element. Imply that the @option{single_file} option is set to
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@var{true}. In the template, @code{$ext$} is replaced with the file
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name extension specific for the segment format.
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||||
|
||||
@item streaming @var{bool}
|
||||
Enable or disable chunk streaming mode of output. In chunk streaming
|
||||
mode, each frame will be a @code{moof} fragment which forms a
|
||||
chunk. This is disabled by default.
|
||||
|
||||
@item target_latency @var{target_latency}
|
||||
Set an intended target latency in seconds (fractional value can be set) for serving. Applicable only when @var{streaming} and @var{write_prft} options are enabled.
|
||||
This is an informative fields clients can use to measure the latency of the service.
|
||||
Set an intended target latency in seconds for serving (fractional
|
||||
value can be set). Applicable only when the @option{streaming} and
|
||||
@option{write_prft} options are enabled. This is an informative fields
|
||||
clients can use to measure the latency of the service.
|
||||
|
||||
@item min_playback_rate @var{min_playback_rate}
|
||||
Set the minimum playback rate indicated as appropriate for the purposes of automatically
|
||||
adjusting playback latency and buffer occupancy during normal playback by clients.
|
||||
@item timeout @var{timeout}
|
||||
Set timeout for socket I/O operations expressed in seconds (fractional
|
||||
value can be set). Applicable only for HTTP output.
|
||||
|
||||
@item max_playback_rate @var{max_playback_rate}
|
||||
Set the maximum playback rate indicated as appropriate for the purposes of automatically
|
||||
adjusting playback latency and buffer occupancy during normal playback by clients.
|
||||
@item update_period @var{period}
|
||||
Set the MPD update period, for dynamic content. The unit is
|
||||
second. If set to @code{0}, the period is automatically computed.
|
||||
|
||||
@item update_period @var{update_period}
|
||||
Set the mpd update period ,for dynamic content.
|
||||
The unit is second.
|
||||
Default value is @code{0}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item use_template @var{bool}
|
||||
Enable or disable use of @code{SegmentTemplate} instead of
|
||||
@code{SegmentList} in the manifest. This is enabled by default.
|
||||
|
||||
@item use_timeline @var{bool}
|
||||
Enable or disable use of @code{SegmentTimeline} within the
|
||||
@code{SegmentTemplate} manifest section. This is enabled by default.
|
||||
|
||||
@item utc_timing_url @var{url}
|
||||
URL of the page that will return the UTC timestamp in ISO
|
||||
format, for example @code{https://time.akamai.com/?iso}
|
||||
|
||||
@item window_size @var{size}
|
||||
Set the maximum number of segments kept in the manifest, discard the
|
||||
oldest one. This is useful for live streaming.
|
||||
|
||||
If the value is @code{0}, all segments are kept in the
|
||||
manifest. Default value is @code{0}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item write_prft @var{write_prft}
|
||||
Write Producer Reference Time elements on supported streams. This also
|
||||
enables writing prft boxes in the underlying muxer. Applicable only
|
||||
when the @var{utc_url} option is enabled. It is set to @var{auto} by
|
||||
default, in which case the muxer will attempt to enable it only in
|
||||
modes that require it.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@subsection Example
|
||||
Generate a DASH output reading from an input source in realtime using
|
||||
@command{ffmpeg}.
|
||||
|
||||
Two multimedia streams are generated from the input file, both
|
||||
containing a video stream encoded through @samp{libx264}, and an audio
|
||||
stream encoded with @samp{libfdk_aac}. The first multimedia stream
|
||||
contains video with a bitrate of 800k and audio at the default rate,
|
||||
the second with video scaled to 320x170 pixels at 300k and audio
|
||||
resampled at 22005 Hz.
|
||||
|
||||
The @option{window_size} option keeps only the latest 5 segments with
|
||||
the default duration of 5 seconds.
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
ffmpeg -re -i <input> -map 0 -map 0 -c:a libfdk_aac -c:v libx264 \
|
||||
-b:v:0 800k -profile:v:0 main \
|
||||
-b:v:1 300k -s:v:1 320x170 -profile:v:1 baseline -ar:a:1 22050 \
|
||||
-bf 1 -keyint_min 120 -g 120 -sc_threshold 0 -b_strategy 0 \
|
||||
-use_timeline 1 -use_template 1 -window_size 5 \
|
||||
-adaptation_sets "id=0,streams=v id=1,streams=a" \
|
||||
-f dash /path/to/out.mpd
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
|
||||
@anchor{fifo}
|
||||
@section fifo
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue